The Problem Statement
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There is a need to develop batteries that supersede the practical capabilities of Li-ion batteries to enable the electrification of applications including aerospace and heavier electric vehicles. While there are several realistic candidates, the Li-S chemistry combines relative technical maturity with a practical limit that places the technology in a unique position to facilitate commercialisation.
Why Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S)?
Compared with Li-ion batteries, Li-S cells store more energy per unit weight and can operate in a wider operating temperature range. They may also offer safety and cost improvements. Yet the widespread use of Li-S faces major hurdles, which stem from sulfur’s insulating nature, migration of discharge products leading to the loss of active material, and degradation of the metallic lithium anode. Scientists and engineers need to know more about how the system performs and degrades in order to overcome current limitations in the power density and lifespan of Li-S cells that could unlock their use.
What will LiSTAR 2 do?
LiSTAR 2 will build upon the success of the existing research programme using a similar ‘whole cell approach’ to that described previously. The redefined scope of the project will continue to generate new knowledge, materials and engineering solutions, thanks to its dual focus on fundamental research at material and cell level, and an improved approach to system engineering. The second phase of the project will address four key areas of research: cathodes, electrolytes, anodes and new cell concepts, pouch cells, and characterisation. LiSTAR 2 will continue cementing the UK as a hub for the development and commercialisation of Li-S technology.
Project Goals
>Overcome the remaining commercialisation barriers for Li-S batteries.
>Remove LiNO3 to expand the operating temperature window.
>Identify and develop routes for long lifetime and ultra-high energy cells.
>Demonstrate the scalability of components and feasibility of the technology at relevant scales.
>Understand and mitigate the anode-dominated degradation routes of Li-S cells.
